Introduction

Introduction

Epilepsy is not a single disorder, but covers a wide spectrum of problems characterized by unprovoked, recurring seizures that disrupt normal neurologic functions. Epileptic seizures occur when a group of nerve cells in the brain (neurons) become activated simultaneously, emitting sudden and excessive bursts of electrical energy. This hyperactivity of neurons can occur in various locations in the brain and, depending on the location, have a wide range of effects on the sufferer from brief moments of confusion to minor spasms to loss of consciousness.

The nerves themselves may be damaged or problems might occur in neurotransmitters (die chemicals that act as messengers between nerve cells). The neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) seems to be particularly important in suppressing seizures. Experiments also suggest that deficiencies in a receptor of the neurotransmitter serotonin may help promote epileptic seizures.

Epilepsy falls into two main categories: partial, or focal, seizures and generalized seizures. Within these two categories are a number of subtypes, each of which requires different therapeutic approaches, so an accurate diagnosis is important. In addition, some cases of epilepsy can be a hybrid of subtypes, while others defy precise categorization.

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Treatment

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Sanvedana

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What Is the Cause of Epilepsy?

It is estimated that 50 million people worldwide and 2.5 million Americans have epilepsy. About 75% of epileptic seizures start in childhood. About 5% of the population will have at least one seizure, not counting the 5% of children who have seizures caused by fevers. The cause can be determined for about 28% of partial epilepsy patients, but in nearly three-quarters of all cases, the cause is unknown. The age of onset can sometimes offer a clue.

Possible causes for epilepsy including

1. infections,
2. head injuries,
3. brain tumors,
3. brain injuries at birth,
4. inherited disease.

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