FAQs

FAQs

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What functions do the kidneys perform?

The kidneys play central role in the maintenance of the volume and the ionic composition of the body fluids known as the homeostasis.

Maintenance of electrolyte composition of body fluids.
Maintenance of normal volume status of the body.
Maintenance of normal blood pressure by way of the renin -angiotensin system.
Excretion of metabolic waste products. E.g. - Urea, Uric Acid, creatinine, sulfates, phosphates
Detoxification and elimination of toxins, drugs and their metabolites.
Control of the manufacturing of the Red Blood cells by elaborating the hormone called as the Erythropoeitin.
Control of mineral metabolism mainly calcium and phosphorus.

Highlights

Appeals:

     * By Shaikh
       Mohammad
       Abbas.
     * By Dr. Rahul
       Kaushik

Outreach for
Organ Donation

Meeting Reports
of aarogya Support group

How do patients with renal stones present? OR What is renal colic?

Renal Colic is a manifestation of spasm of the ureter which is produced by the irritation of the stone and accompanying obstruction. The pain usually begins in the flank area and migrates towards the groin.. The pain may subsides after the stone or clot are passed and may be accompanied by a passage of blood in the urine. If infection occurs incurs then it leads to fever, difficulty in urination and increase frequency of urination.

What necessitated the passing of the ORGAN DONATION ACT in India?

The act was passed to curb the commercial purchase of kidneys. The situation was exploited by middlemen resulting in very little remuneration to the donor who was usually from a low socioeconomic status. In addition there were instances when kidneys were removed from patients without their knowledge. The act also defined the criteria for brain death in order to encourage cadaveric donation.

What is the importance of the blood group in kidney transplant?

Matching of the blood groups is an absolute pre-requisite for kidney transplantation. The following guidelines are used. However the following matches are also feasible :

Donor	BLOOD GROUP DONATE TO
A	A, AB
B	B, AB
AB	AB
O	A, B, AB, O

The Rh-typing of the blood need not be the same. For eg : from a mother who is B(+)ve to a patient daughter who is B(-)ve.

What is the concept of kidney "matching" in kidney transplantation: ?

In addition to the blood group HLA matching is done. HLA (human leukocyte antigens) are proteins present on white blood cells that are the products of closely linked genes on chromosomes no 6. There are more than 100 such identifiably proteins. They are divided into different classes A, B C and D and DR . For each of these subgroups the matching is done.

Can a kidney be transplanted if there is not a single match?

This situation does arise. It is called "zero" match. Transplant surgeons weigh the merits of the necessity and make the decision.

What are the medicines usually taken by transplant patients after their transplant?

Usually after a transplant the patients are placed on medicines to prevent the kidney from being rejected. A three drug regimen is used.. Cyclosporine, prednisone (a steroid), mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine.

What are the infections that can take place in the Renal transplant patients?

The transplant patients has the ability to fight infections is low . Actually 75% of the renal transplant patients will suffer at least one episode of infection in the 1st year after transplant. The infection seen in the transplant patient are different than those seen in the general community. The initial infections are in the first one month after transplantations are usually bacterial. After the first month however viral infections such as cytomegalo virus, fungal infections, tuberculoses and parasitic infections are common.

What is the survival rate of a kidney after transplant?

The first year survival for a living related kidney donation is about 85-90% for cadaveric is about 80%.

What are the side effects of the drugs used in kidney transplant?

	Steroids: for a long period of time can result in high blood pressure, weight gain, abnormalities in the glucose levels cushings syndrome, cataracts.osteoprosis and fractures.
	Cyclosporin can also have an adverse affect like aggravating the hypertension because excessive hair growth excessive gingival growth. It can also be toxic to the kidney especially if the levels are not monitored
	Cell cept has effects on suppressing the bone marrow and the patients can have anemia, a low white cells count or and low platelet count. Cell cept can also cause diarrhoea

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