Urology is a subspecialty of surgery that deals with disorders of the genital and urinary systems in men, and the urinary system in women. This includes everything from the kidney, the bladder, the prostate gland, etc. Urology was the first sub–specialty to break away from general surgery, at the turn of the century, and has a long history.

Urologists look after a wide range of problems including (but not limited to): stones of the kidneys, urethra and bladder, urinary incontinence, cancers of the kidneys, bladder, testicular disorders, prostate disorders including prostatitis and BPH (benign enlargement of the prostate), problems with sexual function and infertility in men, growth within the adrenal gland (a small gland on top of the kidneys), kidney transplants, urological problems in children (which includes a wide variety of abnormalities often present from birth), etc.