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Cells
- Pus Cells
Normally, a few are present. More than a few indicates bacillary dysentery or ulcerative colitis. - Epithelial Cells
Normally a few are present. If many are present, however, it indicates inflammation of the bowels. - Macrophages
Normally, present only occasionally.
If many are present, it indicates bacillary dysentery or ulcerative colitis. - Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Normally absent. If present, it indicates lesions in the colon, rectum or the anus. If clumped, it means amoebiasis (a kind of infective dysentery).
- Triple phosphate or calcium oxalate crystals: Normally present due to indigestion of foods like spinach, tomatoes, berries etc.
- Charcot Leyden crystals: Normally absent. If present, it indicates ulcerative conditions or amoebiasis
- Hematoidin crystals: Normally absent. If present, it indicates intestinal hemorrhage.
- Normally present as residual constituents.
- Normally present as residual contents, or undigested fibers.
- Starch
Normally absent. If present in a high proportions, it indicates indigestion. - Fat
Normally absent. If present in high proportions, it indicates indigestion.
