Public Health Engineering has lot to do with malaria control, especially by means of Source Reduction.

Prevent water logging – Design the buildings with sloping roofs to aid easy drainage of rain water; provide drains in adequate numbers and sizes in buildings with flat roofs

Prevent entry of insects – Screening of all windows and vents should be made mandatory. It is observed that this simple, common sense measure followed in every construction in the U.S.A. has in a big way helped in control of all insects including mosquitoes and hence malaria.

Engineering skills are also called for in draining and flushing of water collections; deepening or filling of water logged areas; proper maintenance of water levels and intermittent irrigation in dams and canals and in changing salt content of water so as to make it unsuitable for mosquito breeding. Mosquitoes that breed in irrigation water can be controlled through careful water management.

Anti Larval spraying
Weekly spraying of larvicides (Temephos, Fenthion, MLO, BTI etc.) on mosquito breeding places is being carried out in urban areas.

Urban malaria scheme (UMS)
Is being implemented in selected 15 towns of the State. viz. Mumbai, Nasik, Manmad, Dhule, Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Ahmednagar, Pune, Pandharpur, Solapur, Aurangabad, Parbhani, Beed, Nanded, Akola.

Biological activities
Considering the adverse effect such as development of insecticide resistance in Vector and environmental pollution by chemical insecticide, State has developed Biological method, under which introduction of larvivorus Guppy fish at suitable mosquito breeding places is started since 1997, in phased manner in Maharashtra State. In first phase, Guppy fish hatcheries were established at all Health Institutions.

From 1998 onwards, Guppy fish is released in suitable mosquito breeding places. The number hatcheries established is 8269 and Guppy fish are released in 90512 mosquito breeding places in the State so far.

Use of Biocides
It is being used in Navi Mumbai town regularly which is under Enhanced Malaria Control Project. State has purchased additional biolarvicide for another towns from Non Project area.

Entomological studies
Routine Entomological studies such as assessment of impact of insecticides, larvicides which are in use.

Insecticide resistance studies, vector bionomics, investigations of focal outbreaks and to suggest suitable control measures. Monitoring of Biological Control measures.

Life cycle of human malaria



Use of Biocides
It is being used in Navi Mumbai town regularly which is under Enhanced Malaria Control Project. State has purchased additional biolarvicide for another towns from Non Project area.

Personal Protection Method
Use of Medicated Mosquito Nets : Since age long mosquito nets have played a major role in avoiding man mosquito contact. Comparing with Synthetic Pyrethroid Indoor Residual Spraying, use of Medicated Mosquito Nets is cheaper and more acceptable by the community. Considering the benefits of medicated mosquito Bednet.

nets, the State has introduced use of medicated mosquito nets in selected villages on pilot project as per guidelines given by National Anti Malaria Programme. Under personal protection methods the use of Medicated Mosquito nets has been shown good results in bringing down malaria situation in selected villages. Since the year 1996–97, 2.20 lacs Medicated Mosquito nets have been distributed in selected 722 villages so far.

Entomological studies

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• Routine Entomological studies such as assessment of impact of insecticides, larvicides which are in use.
• Insecticide resistance studies, vector bionomics, investigations of focal outbreaks and to suggest suitable control measures.
• Monitoring of Biological Control measures.

World Bank assisted Enhanced Malaria Control Project – (EMCP)
The anti malaria activities are being carried out in the State as recommended by the Expert Committee in Malaria Action Plan – 1995.

To intensify malaria control activities, World Bank assisted Enhanced Malaria Control Project started in Oct. 1997 in 7 States; one of them is Maharashtra. 14 tribal districts viz. Raigad, Thane, Ahmednagar, Dhule, Jalgaon, Nasik, Pune, Nanded, Amravati, Yeotmal, Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Nagpur and Navi Mumbai Corporation area are included in the project.

During 1999, District Dhule & Bhandara are split up in 2 districts Dhule, Nandurbar and Bhandara, Gondia respectively. Accordingly, there are 16 tribal districts under EMCP now.

For effective implementation and monitoring of the project, State Malaria Control Society is established under Chairmanship of the Secretary, Public Health Department.

Project activities under EMCP are as given below

1. Early Detection & Prompt Treatment. (EDPT)
2. Selective Vector Control.
3. Personal Protection method.
4. Early Detection & Containment of Epidemics.
5. Inter Sectoral Co–ordination.
6. Institutional & Management capacity building.