16 June 2010
Paris, France
Doctors at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine tested an off–patent treatment called tranexamic acid (TXA) among 20,000 severely–injured adults in 274 hospitals in 40 countries. Participants received either one gram of TXA by injection followed by another one gram in a drip over the following eight hours, or a dummy lookalike.
TXA cut the risk of death by any cause by 10% compared with the placebo, the paper said. When it came to the risk of death by bleeding, TXA scored a reduction of 15% over the placebo.
Each year, more than a million people die as a result of traffic injuries, and another 1.6 million die as a result of acts of violence, and many could be saved by swift action to stop haemorrhaging, the researchers said. “Each year about 600,000 injured patients bleed to death worldwide,” said lead author Ian Roberts, a professor of epidemiology. “Injuries may be accidental, for example, road crashes, or intentional, such as shootings, stabbings or land–mine injuries, and the majority of deaths occur soon after injury.”
TXA works by reducing the breakdown of clots. The drug is manufactured by a number of companies, and a gram of it costs about $4.50. If TXA became widely available and was used promptly, it could save as many as 100,000 lives a year, 13,000 of them in India and 12,000 in China, where road deaths are surging, the paper said.
The trial was carried out to see whether TXA was effective and whether it had bad side effects, such as increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes and lung clots. On the latter score, there was no increase in any of these complications, the authors said. AFP
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