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Chemical Examination of UrineExamination
Protein
- Normally absent.
- Present in kidney disorders, dehydration, heart disease, and severe diarrhea.
Glucose
- Normally absent.
- If present, it indicates diabetes mellitus or hyperactivity of the endocrine glands.
- It can be present after brain injury or coronary thrombosis.
Urine Chemical Analyser- Normally absent.
- If test shows ketones, it is due to severe diabetes mellitus, fevers, certain nervous disorders or prolonged diarrhea and vomiting.
- Even when a person starves, the urine shows a presence of ketone bodies.
- Normally absent.
- Present in liver disorders.
- Normally absent.
- Present in liver disorders.
- Normally present in very low concentrations.
- Increased in liver disorders.
- Normally absent.
- Present in acute kidney infections, kidney cancer, tuberculosis of the kidneys, chronic infections, stone formation in the kidneys, severe burns or a reaction to blood transfusion.
Non–glucose Sugars
- Lactose: May be present normally. It is present in lactating women.
- Fructose: Present in liver disorders.
- Pentoses: Are present due to drug therapy or hereditary conditions.
- Ascorbic acid: Present in Vitamin C therapy.
- Salicylic acid: Due to drugs having salicilates.
- Menthol: Due to the intake of food containing menthol.
Present due to bacterial infection
Indican
- It is present in very low concentrations.
- It is increased due to intestinal obstruction, cholera, typhoid fever or peritonitis.
- Sometimes, it is due to the intake of diets rich in proteins.
